A new study led by researchers at the University of Colorado Anschutz suggests that older adults living with well-controlled HIV may experience a higher prevalence of certain eye conditions, particularly dry eye disease, compared with older adults without HIV.

The study, known as the HIV Vision Study, evaluated 139 adults aged 60 and older, including 74 people living with HIV and 65 without HIV. Participants underwent comprehensive eye examinations between 2021 and 2023.

Researchers found that 15% of participants with HIV had uncorrected refractive errors, compared with 5% of those without HIV. Nearly half of the HIV group had cataracts or a history of cataract surgery, compared with about 20% of the comparison group. Vision-threatening conditions such as macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy were uncommon in both groups.

The most notable finding was the prevalence of dry eye disease. Clinical signs were found in approximately 63% of adults with HIV, compared with 51% of those without HIV. Meibomian gland dysfunction, which can contribute to dry eye, was also more common among participants with HIV.

Researchers suggest that persistent immune activation and inflammation associated with chronic HIV infection could potentially contribute to ocular surface problems, even when the virus is well suppressed. However, larger studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms.

The findings highlight the importance of regular eye examinations and integrated eye care as part of healthy aging for people living with HIV. Further research may help clarify how chronic inflammation and changes in corneal sensitivity could influence dry eye symptoms and potentially guide new treatment approaches.

Source: https://news.cuanschutz.edu/ophthalmology/hiv-research-eyes-aging-adults