Published on: Feb 11, 2026
Brain cells constantly absorb nutrients and signaling molecules from their surroundings through a process called endocytosis, which is essential for learning, memory, and cellular maintenance. New research from Penn State has identified a previously unknown regulator of this process: a lattice-like structure beneath the neuron surface known as the membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS).
Published in Science Advances, the study shows that the MPS acts as a physical “gatekeeper,” controlling when and where neurons take in materials. Using advanced super-resolution microscopy, researchers discovered that disrupting this structure accelerates cellular uptake, while its natural function helps regulate and restrain the process.
Importantly, when endocytosis becomes overactive, it can increase the buildup of toxic proteins such as amyloid-beta, a key factor in Alzheimer’s disease. The team found that weakening the MPS led to greater accumulation of harmful proteins and increased signs of neuronal damage.
The findings suggest that the MPS may serve a protective role in the brain. Stabilizing this structure could potentially offer a new therapeutic strategy to slow early neurodegenerative changes linked to Alzheimer’s and related diseases.
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